negative impact of ict on environment

Managing the direct impacts of ICTs is more complex than just producing efficient devices, owing to the energetically expensive manufacturing process, and the increasing proliferation of devices needs to be taken into account. 311, No. The scale effect refers to the fact that digital transformation promotes industrial expansion and leads to increased pollution. Disposing of old . 31, 4558 (2011). Google Scholar. According to the results of Table 12, an improvement in IDI helps improve the environment through a reduction in particulate emission damage, CO2 emissions, and energy consumption. This can be done by various tests including those developed by Breusch & Pagan (1980) and Pesaran (2004). Table 9. Sector CO2 and SOx emissions efficiency and investment: homogeneous vs heterogeneous estimates using the Italian NAMEA. Of course, the estimations of GMM are only valid if there is no serial autocorrelation in error terms. The impact of ICTs on agricultural production in Bangladesh: A study with food crops. The impact of information technology on energy consumption and carbon emissions. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In other words, this index has a negative effect on total CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption, CO2 emission damage, particulate emission damage, and energy consumption in these countries. The impact of population on environmental degradation in South Asia: application of seemingly unrelated regression equation model. Positive impacts can come from dematerialization andonline delivery, transport and travel substitution, a host of monitoring and managementapplications, greater energy efficiency in production and use, and product stewardship andrecycling. Dematerialisation: Is the transition from physical phase to e-applications phase, such as transition from news papers to e-news. 28, 119145 (2005). Telematics and Informatics, 34(4), 85-95. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0736585316305846, Houghton, J. W. (2010). What products measure the environmental damage? Moyer & Hughes (2012) investigated the dynamic effects of ICT in the economic and energy sectors and the resulting CO2 emissions. Fang et al. General diagnostic tests for cross section dependence in panels (IZA Discussion Paper No. Assessing the carbon impact of ICT measures: a case study investigation using Latis model. Proc. Methodology to assess the effects of ICT-measures on emissions. ADS Green Design Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. TASK_ID_PLACEHOLDER 36, 55045510 (2002). This study reported that service industries that have a higher GDP also have higher energy overuse. https://www.unapcict.org/sites/default/files/2019-08/Academy%202.0%20Module%2010.pdf, Chen, X., Shuai, C., Zhang, Y., & Wu, Y. Bullard, C., Pennter, P. & Pilati, D. Net energy analysis: handbook for combining process and inputoutput analysis. In the second scenario, the report sees ICTs providing intelligent systems for recycling and other forms of recovery, thereby decreasing the waste that has to be disposed of or incinerated. Recent years have seen a remarkable improvement in ICT penetration in the majority of countries across the world regardless of their income levels. 93.2005). Resour. Overall, the findings of this study showed the exceptional impact of ICT penetration on reducing energy consumption, reducing CO2 emissions and the consequent damages, and also reducing the emissions of other pollutants. Energy Policy 21, 648656 (1994). - ICT technology has created the term paperless environment. Exploring the role of ICT on household behavioural energy efficiency to mitigate global warming. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was used to estimate five models. Also, with the introduction of new industries to countries, especially developing countries, it is reasonable to expect an increase in the energy consumption of their industrial sectors. During the use phase of ICT hardware, energy consumption impacts the environment. This study reported that in .approximately 59% of the examined countries, energy consumption had a statistically significant positive long-term effect on real GDP, and in about 61% of them, real GDP had a statistically significant positive long-term effect on energy consumption. This discrepancy in findings can be attributed to the difference between the studied countries or the studied periods. According to Majeed & Tariq (2018), while in developed countries, ICT helps maintain environmental sustainability, in developing countries, it has a devastating effect on the environment. An 11-country median of 44% say the increasing use of the internet has had a good impact on politics, but 28% feel that impact has been largely bad - and this balance of opinion is most negative in Tunisia, Jordan and Lebanon. Governments can also contribute to reducing energy consumption and emissions by promoting online exchanges and reducing restrictions on the import of modern equipment and technologies that facilitate such processes. The Digital Dump: Exporting Re-use and Abuse to Africa. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the While most of the above studies have been focused on the role of ICT in environmental development and the mitigation of environmental damages in this area, several articles have highlighted how ICT has hurt the environment by accelerating GHG emissions and energy consumption. 2020). Improving environmental performance, reducing GHGs and tackling global warming are high on the list of global challenges that must be addressed urgently by governments, industries, businesses, and individuals alike. Environ. The source of all income data used in this study is the World Bank. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1020622/v1, This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License, You are reading this latest preprint version. If the production growth is not accompanied by any of the mentioned processes, it will cause environmental damage in addition to economic development. How ICT can contribute to realize a sustainable society in - Springer 100 North Point Center E,Ste 125 #A262,Alpharetta, GA 30022, USA. Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. 2023. Finally, in recognition of the large uncertainty that exists in many of the areas covered in the analysis, the report's authors call for more research in order to gain a fuller understanding of the role of ICTs in meeting environmental policy goals. Results of Pesaran test of cross-sectional independence for the error terms of GDP. Environ. Environmental, social and economic implications of global reuse and recycling of personal computers. In short, digital and mobile technologies givebut they also take away. Halogenated flame retardants: do the fire safety benefits justify the risks? The impact of internet use on air pollution: evidence from emerging countries. This non-governmental report highlighted the problem of informal recycling in the developing world. Nizam HA, Zaman K, Khan KB, Batool R, Khurshid MA, Shoukry AM, Sharkawy MA, Aldeek F, Khader J, Gani S. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. For example, the use of e-mail instead of physical mail has reduced the consumption of paper and fuel. (2020). Medical education for rural areas: opportunities and challenges for information and communications technologies. Mapping anthropogenic mineral generation in China and its implications for a circular economy. In fact, improper recycling of these devices in developing countries can be a significant source of environmental pollution (Williams, 2011). By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. Boyd, S., Horvath, A. One of the limitations of this study was that it did not consider how the characteristics of each country affect the impact of ICT on its environment. 2020 Mar;27(9):10011-10026. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-07683-x. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 79(5), 919-931. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040162511002836, Nagdeve, D. A. (2010) estimated and analyzed the amount of CO2 emitted by the ammonia industry in China from 2005 to 2015 and discussed the vial policies and potentials for CO2 emission reduction in this field. Resources, conservation and recycling, 36(3), 197-210. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0921344902000848, Sadorsky, P. (2012). 2004 (pp. It should also be noted that GMM controls the endogeneity of variables with high inter-variable correlation. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/73951, Bekaroo, G., Bokhoree, C., & Pattinson, C. (2016). (If such facilities exist where you live.). The study, entitled 'The future impa. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. In this article, the CD test of Pesaran (2004) was used for this purpose. Most research conducted has found positive effects of ICT in the impact areas investigated. Negative impacts can come from energy consumption and the materials used in theproduction and distribution of ICT equipment, energy consumption in use directly and forcooling, short product life cycles and e-waste, and exploitative applications (e.g. The Negative Impact of ICT Waste on Environment and Health The interaction of ICTs and the natural environment can be categorized at three levels: direct impacts, enabling impacts and systemic impacts, going from the most easily understood to the widest impacts (see Figure 1). Results of Arellano-Bond test of second-order autocorrelation for Equations 1-5. Technol. PMC Conversely, despite having a challenging aspect to it, ICTs can be an enabler to alleviate climate change and global warming. The results of this study suggested that ICT reduces CO2 emissions through innovative technologies. The impact of ICT penetration on deforestation: A panel data evidence. Front Psychol. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! J. Indust. This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. Considering this effect of ICT on environmental degradation and pollution, governments are recommended to pursue their energy consumption and emission objectives by promoting the use of ICT in the environmental sector and the implementation of green ICT projects. In this regard, the results of a study by Lashkarizadeh & Salatin (2012) also highlighted the difference between the effectiveness of ICT in developed and developing countries. Additionally, virtual mobility technologies won't generate significant transport savings unless policies are introduced to support them. In this section, we review several studies that have investigated the impact of factors like population, industry, and GDP on CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Today, the world faces several major environmental crises, some of which seem to be irreversible. European Journal of Population, 35(2), 379-402.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10680-018-9486-0, Wong, J., & Schuchard, R. (2011). Adapting to Climate Change: A Guide for the ICT Industry. (2019) also studied the relationship between CO2 emissions and total factor productivity (TFP) as well as ICT in Tunisia. Results of Pesaran test of cross-sectional independence for the error terms of Industry, Table 11. Funding:This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Costantini & Martini (2006) reported that the number of Internet lines, landlines, and mobile phones per 1000 people has a positive impact on the emission of various pollutants, including CO2. Thank you for visiting nature.com. Ok, Z., Benneyan, J. This is because this age group provides the labor force for most of the economic and social activities. Ameyaw & Yao (2018) also reported a one-way causality relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions. Thus, ICT has indeed the potential to reduce CO2 emissions (Monzon et al., 2017). Open Access articles citing this article. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 127, 209-216. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0040162517304845, Avom, D., Nkengfack, H., Fotio, H. K., & Totouom, A. An agenda for green information retrieval research. This study reported that the two used ICT indicators, namely mobile phone penetration and Internet penetration, have a relationship with CO2 emissions. DOI: License CC BY 4.0 Authors: Samaneh Mahdavi Sakineh Sojoodi University of Tabriz Abstract The impact of information and communications technologies (ICT) on the environment is a complex. OER Commons. Would you like email updates of new search results? J. Indust. Once the existence of cross-sectional dependence between the error terms of the studied variables in both fixed effects and random effects modes is verified, one can use GMM for model estimation. the effect of ICT on the transportation efficiency and thus the pollution caused by fuel consumption). Thin Solid Films 461, 26 (2004). 2009 Oct 1;43(19):7303-9 Energy 1, 267313 (1978). According to non-interactive regressions, ICT has no significant effect on CO2 emissions in Africa, ICT increases government spending on environmental protection and communications, The manufacturing and use of ICT devices account for 1-3% of global GHG emissions, There is an inverse relationship between the penetration of radio receivers and landlines and CO2 emissions, The undesirable impact of ICT on the emission of pollutants, including CO2, is greater in developing countries, There is an inverse relationship between ICT and CO2 emissions over the next 50 years, Investments in ICT in developing countries increase CO2 emissions, ICT reduces GHG emission of commercial and service sectors, ICT has less impact on reducing CO2 emissions in developing countries than in developed countries, ICT reduces CO2 emissions by decreasing vehicle use, The lack of knowledge is an obstacle to the sustainable use of ICT to reduce CO2 emissions, ICT industry reduces CO2 emissions in China, ICT has a negligible impact on CO2 emissions, The development of the ICT sector leads to reduced CO2 emissions in both developed and developing countries, Two indicators of ICT have an impact on the increase in CO2 emissions and deterioration of environmental quality, According to interactive regressions, ICT reduces CO2 emissions in Africa, An insignificant relationship between ICT and CO2 and SOX emissions, Environmental adaptability of the ICT sector in terms of reducing the effects of CO2 emissions, Developing a strong ICT sector with high levels of human capital reduces CO2 emissions, Using ICT to build smart grids reduces CO2 emissions, The use of energy-efficient ICT devices in emerging economies reduces their CO2 emissions, Impacts of ICT on energy cost and consumption, Wireless information technologies reduce energy consumption, ICT reduces energy loss in the manufacturing, construction, and transportation sectors, There is a significant positive relationship between ICT and electricity consumption, ICT reduces energy loss by creating intelligent networks and automated lighting, heating, and cooling management systems, The use of ICT products plays a notable role in global energy consumption and global warming, ICT reduce electricity consumption, improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions by changing the pattern of household energy consumption, 1) There is a negative relationship between ICT and electrical energy demand, 2) There is a negative relationship between ICT and non-electrical energy demand, ICT has a significant negative impact on short-term energy consumption in China, Impacts of ICT on ecology and agriculture, ICT enables the wasteful use of paper in printers, Support for the eco-friendly design of ICT-based optimization services, 1) Incineration of ICT devices will release dangerous compounds, 1) ICT contributes to the growth of the agricultural sector, 2) ICT gives farmers valuable information about the agricultural sector, Improper recycling of ICT devices cause significant environmental pollution in developing countries, 1) ICT provides real-time access to information about market demand in the agricultural sector, 2) ICT provides information about long-term market trends in the agricultural sector. -, Waste Manag. The relationship of ICT with the environment is a complex and multidimensional issue. -, Environ Sci Technol. (2019) investigated the effect of GDP and population on CO2 emissions in Indonesia from 1967 to 2014 using the Cobb-Douglas model with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm used for parameter estimation. Khan et al. As mentioned in Section 2, since the advent of ICT has changed peoples lifestyles and created many tools and opportunities for efficiency improvement, it can be expected to alleviate environmental degradation. https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwingp71y5XzAhX5BGMBHe2CBpEQFnoECAIQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.semanticscholar.org%2Fpaper%2FEnvironmental-impact-of-information-and-including-Takahashi-Tatemichi%2F1289aaf2ea72b2bd720e39b117a11332ef9142ce&usg=AOvVaw18iMTcpTjtclss5gWU-I1H, Toffel, M. W., & Horvath, A. Furthermore, the high ICT-dependence of production processes can lead to higher energy consumption in this sector. remote sensing for unsustainable over-fishing. The ICT Development Index (IDI) was used as the measure of ICT development. Meanwhile, as the domestic production of countries increases, so does the demand for capital and energy consumption. Ubiquity, 2015(June), 1-15.https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/2755977, Haini, H. (2021). (2021). Roth, K. W. & Kurtis McKenney, K. Energy Consumption by Consumer Electronics in U.S. Residences http://www.ce.org/pdf/Energy%20Consumption%20by%20CE%20in%20U.S.%20Residences%20(January%202007).pdf (TIAX, 2007). Since not all dependent variables (environmental components) are of the same kind or have similar units, their values must not be summed up. Tsydenova, O. Eric Williams. Negative Impact of Technology on the Environment - TRVST Environ. ADS Moreover, the effect of the combination of variables recruited, containing population variables, industry value-added, and GDP along with ICT development index on several groups of environmental components (namely, carbon dioxide [CO2] emissions, CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption, damages from CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and emissions of suspended particulates) was examined separately in five different equations using the panel generalized method of moments (GMM). To what degree is the impact of the damage on the environment? Ecol. (2012). Haini (2021) examined the impact of ICT and human capital on CO2 emissions in ASEAN economies. PDF Measuring the Impacts of Information and Communication - UNCTAD 08 Jul. ICTs have helped us solve many challenges too such as connecting us globally, entertaining us in every possible way, and helping us to be more productive, efficient and effective. Perhaps there is statistical data existing on developed countries. 44, 32323237 (2010). The results of the Sargan test for the equations are presented in Table 15. While ICT tools and devices can be used to improve energy efficiency, which results in reduced CO 2 emissions and environmental degradation, the manufacturing and use of ICT devices can become a major source of emission. Also, unlike the test of Breusch & Pagan (1980), this test provides reliable results for both large and small cross-sectional dimensions. Major questions to ask are: Which part of ICT industry caused or is causing the environmental damage? A modified environmental Kuznets curve for sustainable development assessment using panel data. Many manufacturers have signed up to the Basel Convention and agreed to cooperate with developing eco-friendly management for the end-of-life processing of mobile phones. B., & Lahouel, B. 35). Since fuel consumption tends to cause air pollution, whereas electricity consumption has much less or zero pollution, the negative relationship between ICT and non-electricity energy demand is environmentally beneficial. 2022 Dec 15;13(1):7771. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35467-z. The Negative Impact of ICT Waste on Environment and Health: 10.4018/978-1-60960-472-1.ch513: Global warming and climate change are growing issues of concern for businesses, governments and individuals. Also, the use of ICT devices with lower energy consumption (e.g. These researchers studied various ICT-related methods that can be used to help reduce CO2 emissions. The Effect of Information Communication Technology Interventions on For example, in the field of education, it enables students to use distance learning services. The names of these countries and their income levels are provided in Table 7. Web. The term E-waste is used for all electric and electronic waste ranging from large household appliances such as refrigerators and air conditioners, computers and stereo systems, to hand-held digital apparatuses and mobile phones. the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Yu, J., Williams, E., Ju, M. & Yang, Y. (2016) on the role of ICT in China confirmed the significant negative impact of ICT on short-term energy consumption in this country. -, Environ Sci Technol. Carbon-economic inequality in global ICT trade. Deng, L. & Williams, E. Functionality versus typical product measures of energy efficiency: case study of semiconductor manufacturing. Using the above results, the null hypothesis that there is no serial autocorrelation of the first-order between error terms was verified and it was concluded that there is no correction bias in any of them. Energy Policy 28, 389401 (2000). Furthermore, these countries have much poorer electronic waste management capabilities. -, Environ Sci Technol. Sustainable Syst. Plan. Emerging anthropogenic circularity science: principles, practices, and challenges. Because of the . Accessibility International Journal of Global Environmental Issues, 10(1-2), 84-122.https://www.inderscienceonline.com/doi/abs/10.1504/IJGENVI.2010.030569, Das, S., Munshi, M. N., & Kabir, W. (2016). Environmental impacts of the ICT industry. There is relatively little evidence from developing Environmental Modelling & Software, 24(7), 865-871. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S136481520800217X, Center, A. D. P., & Labelle, R. (2013). The study, entitled 'The future impa New research into the potential impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on environmental sustainability has concluded that they could have a positive or a negative effect, depending on the design of supporting policies. (2015). Also, with the development of ICT and the increasing use of these technologies in transportation networks, one can expect a decrease in the CO2 emissions of these networks and the consequent damages and also the emissions of particulates, which are generally produced in heavy traffic in addition to industrial activities. Therefore, one may question that whether ICT improves environmental quality in countries with different income levels? This study examines the persistent and transitory effects of information and communication technology (ICT) on the environmental impact assessment in Africa. At a broader system level, ICTs influence economic growth and bring about technological and societal change. 19, 11981206 (2011). Information and communication technology (ICT) and environmental sustainability: a comparative empirical analysis.

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